Lagos, Nigeria's bustling commercial hub, is a city of immense opportunities and dynamic growth. For anyone looking to invest in real estate or own property in Lagos, understanding the various types of land titles is crucial. This guide aims to shed light on the different land titles available in Lagos, their implications, and how they affect property ownership.

1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)

The Certificate of Occupancy is indeed one of the most recognized land titles in Lagos. It is issued by the state government and indicates that the holder has been granted a lease of the land for a period of 99 years. The process to obtain a C of O involves several steps, including land surveying, application submission, and payment of fees.

2. Governor’s Consent

When a property with a Certificate of Occupancy is sold, the new owner must apply for Governor’s Consent to make the transaction legally binding. This process is essential to ensure the government acknowledges and records the change of ownership. Without it, the new owner’s title is considered incomplete.

3. Deed of Assignment/Conveyance

A Deed of Assignment is a critical document in property transactions, transferring ownership from the seller to the buyer. It includes details such as the names of the parties, the property description, and the terms of the sale. For legal recognition, this document must be registered with the state’s land registry.

4. Excision and Gazette

Excision is a process where the government releases a portion of land to indigenous communities or settlers, removing it from government acquisition status. Once excised, the land details are published in the government Gazette. This publication serves as an official record that the land is no longer under government acquisition and can be legally owned and developed.

5. Deed of Sub-Lease

A Deed of Sub-Lease is used when a lessee (tenant) grants a lease of a portion of their leased land to another party. This document outlines the terms of the sub-lease, including duration, rent, and obligations of the sub-lessee. Registration of this document ensures its legal enforceability.

6. Deed of Mortgage

A Deed of Mortgage is a legal agreement where a property owner uses their property as security for a loan. The document details the loan amount, repayment schedule, and rights of the lender. Registration of the deed is crucial to protect both the lender’s and borrower’s interests.

7. Power of Attorney

A Power of Attorney allows an individual to act on behalf of the property owner in legal or financial matters, including property transactions. This document must be properly registered to be effective and legally binding, ensuring that the agent’s actions are legitimate.

8. Survey Plan

A Survey Plan is essential for identifying the exact boundaries and dimensions of a property. It is prepared by a licensed surveyor and must be registered with the state’s surveyor general’s office. This document is vital for property development and dispute resolution.

Understanding these land titles is crucial for anyone involved in real estate in Lagos. However, laws and regulations can change, and specific cases may have unique considerations. Therefore, consulting with a legal expert or land surveyor in Lagos is highly recommended to ensure accurate and up-to-date information.

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